Drugs are
chemicals or substances that change the way our bodies work. When
you
put them into your body (often by swallowing,
inhaling, or injecting them), drugs find their way into your
bloodstream and are transported to parts of your body, such as your
brain. In the brain, drugs may either intensify or dull your senses,
alter your sense of alertness, and sometimes decrease physical pain.
A drug may be helpful or
harmful. The effects of drugs can vary depending upon the kind of
drug taken, how much is taken, how often it is used, how quickly it
gets to the brain, and what other drugs, food, or substances are
taken at the same time. Effects can also vary based on the
differences in body size, shape, and chemistry.
Although substances can
feel good at first, they can ultimately do a lot of harm to the body
and brain. Drinking alcohol, smoking tobacco, taking illegal drugs,
and sniffing glue can all cause serious damage to the human body.
Some drugs severely impair a person's ability to make healthy
choices and decisions.
Looking for date rape drug testing?
Ecstasy
(MDMA)
This is a
designer drug created by underground chemists. It comes in powder,
tablet, or capsule form. Ecstasy is a popular club drug because it
is widely available at raves, dance clubs, and concerts.
Street Names:
XTC, X, Adam, E, Roll
How It's Used:
Ecstasy is swallowed or sometimes snorted.
Effects &
Dangers:
- This drug combines a
hallucinogenic with a stimulant effect, making all emotions,
both negative and positive, much more intense.
- Users feel a tingly
skin sensation and an increased heart rate.
- Ecstasy can also
cause dry mouth, cramps, blurred vision, chills, sweating, and
nausea.
- Sometimes users
clench their jaws while using. They may chew on something (like
a pacifier) to relieve this symptom.
- Many users also
experience depression, paranoia, anxiety, and confusion. There
is some concern that these effects on the brain and emotion can
become permanent with chronic use of ecstasy.
- Ecstasy also raises
the temperature of the body. This increase can sometimes cause
organ damage or even death.
Addictiveness:
Although the physical addictiveness of Ecstasy is unknown, teens who
use it can become psychologically dependent upon it to feel good,
deal with life, or handle stress.
GHB
GHB, which
stands for gamma Hydroxy Butyrate, is often made in home basement
labs, usually in the form of a liquid with no odor or color. It has
gained popularity at dance clubs and raves and is a popular
alternative to Ecstasy for some teens and young adults. The number
of people brought to emergency departments because of GHB side
effects is quickly rising in the United States. And according to the
U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), since 1995 GHB has killed more
users than Ecstasy.
Street Names:
Liquid Ecstasy, G, Georgia Home Boy
How It's Used:
When in liquid or powder form (mixed in water), GHB is drunk; in
tablet form it is swallowed.
Effects &
Dangers:
- GHB is a depressant
drug that can cause both euphoric (high) and hallucinogenic
effects.
- The drug has several
dangerous side effects, including severe nausea, breathing
problems, decreased heart rate, and seizures.
- GHB has been used
for date rape because it is colorless and odorless and easy to
slip into drinks.
- At high doses, users
can lose consciousness within minutes. It's also easy to
overdose: There is only a small difference between the dose used
to get high and the amount that can cause an overdose.
- Overdosing GHB
requires emergency care in a hospital right away. Within an hour
GHB overdose can cause coma and stop someone's breathing,
resulting in death.
- GHB (even at lower
doses) mixed with alcohol is very dangerous — using it
even once can kill you.
Addictiveness:
When users come off GHB they may have withdrawal symptoms such as
insomnia and anxiety. Teens may also become dependent upon it to
feel good, deal with life, or handle stress.
Inhalants
Inhalants
are substances that are sniffed or "huffed" to give the user an
immediate rush or high. They include household products like glues,
paint thinners, dry cleaning fluids, gasoline, felt-tip marker
fluid, correction fluid, hair spray, aerosol deodorants, and spray
paint.
How It's Used:
Inhalants are breathed in directly from the original container
(sniffing or snorting), from a plastic bag (bagging), or by holding
an inhalant-soaked rag in the mouth (huffing).
Effects &
Dangers:
- Inhalants make you
feel giddy and confused, as if you were drunk. Long-time users
get headaches, nosebleeds, and may suffer loss of hearing and
sense of smell.
- Inhalants are the
most likely of abused substances to cause severe toxic reaction
and death. Using inhalants, even one time, can kill you.
Addictiveness:
Inhalants can be very addictive. Teens who use inhalants can become
psychologically dependent upon them to feel good, deal with life, or
handle stress.
Ketamine
Ketamine
hydrochloride is a quick-acting anesthetic that is legally used in
both humans (as a sedative for minor surgery) and animals (as a
tranquilizer). At high doses, it causes intoxication and
hallucinations similar to LSD.
Street Names:
K, Special K, vitamin K, bump, cat Valium
How It's Used:
Ketamine usually comes in powder that users snort. Users often do it
along with other drugs such as Ecstasy (called kitty flipping) or
cocaine or sprinkle it on marijuana blunts.
Effects &
Dangers:
- Users may become
delirious, hallucinate, and lose their sense of time and
reality. The trip — also called K-hole — that results from
ketamine use lasts up to 2 hours.
- Users may become
nauseated or vomit, become delirious, and have problems with
thinking or memory.
- At higher doses,
ketamine causes movement problems, body numbness, and slowed
breathing.
- Overdosing on
ketamine can stop you from breathing — and kill you.
Addictiveness:
Teens who use it can become psychologically dependent upon it to
feel good, deal with life, or handle stress.
LSD
LSD (which
stands for lysergic acid diethylamide) is a lab-brewed hallucinogen
and mood-changing chemical. LSD is odorless, colorless, and
tasteless.
Street Names:
acid, blotter, doses, microdots
How It's Used:
LSD is licked or sucked off small squares of blotting paper.
Capsules and liquid forms are swallowed. Paper squares containing
acid may be decorated with cute cartoon characters or colorful
designs.
Effects &
Dangers:
- Hallucinations occur
within 30 to 90 minutes of dropping acid. People say their
senses are intensified and distorted — they see colors or hear
sounds with other delusions such as melting walls and a loss of
any sense of time. But effects are unpredictable, depending on
how much LSD is taken and the user.
- Once you go on an
acid trip, you can't get off until the drug is finished with you
— at times up to about 12 hours or even longer!
- Bad trips may cause
panic attacks, confusion, depression, and frightening delusions.
- Physical risks
include sleeplessness, mangled speech, convulsions, increased
heart rate, and coma.
- Users often have
flashbacks in which they feel some of the effects of LSD at a
later time without having used the drug again.
Addictiveness:
Teens who use it can become psychologically dependent upon it to
feel good, deal with life, or handle stress.
Marijuana
The most
widely used illegal drug in the United States, marijuana resembles
green, brown, or gray dried parsley with stems or seeds. A stronger
form of marijuana called hashish (hash) looks like brown or black
cakes or balls. Marijuana is often called a gateway drug because
frequent use can lead to the use of stronger drugs.
Street Names:
pot, weed, blunts, chronic, grass, reefer, herb, ganja
How It's Used:
Marijuana is usually smoked — rolled in papers like a cigarette
(joints), or in hollowed-out cigars (blunts), pipes (bowls), or
water pipes (bongs). Some people mix it into foods or brew it as a
tea.
Effects &
Dangers:
- Marijuana can affect
mood and coordination. Users may experience mood swings that
range from stimulated or happy to drowsy or depressed.
- Marijuana also
elevates heart rate and blood pressure. Some people get red eyes
and feel very sleepy or hungry. The drug can also make some
people paranoid or cause them to hallucinate.
- Marijuana is as
tough on the lungs as cigarettes — steady smokers suffer coughs,
wheezing, and frequent colds.
Addictiveness:
Teens who use marijuana can become psychologically dependent upon it
to feel good, deal with life, or handle stress. In addition, their
bodies may demand more and more marijuana to achieve the same kind
of high experienced in the beginning.
Methamphetamine
Methamphetamine is a powerful stimulant.
Street Names:
crank, meth, speed, crystal, chalk, fire, glass, crypto, ice
How It's Used:
It can be swallowed, snorted, injected, or smoked.
Effects &
Dangers:
- Users feel a
euphoric rush from methamphetamine, particularly if it is smoked
or shot up. But they can develop tolerance quickly — and will
use more meth for longer periods of time, resulting in
sleeplessness, paranoia, and hallucinations.
- Users sometimes have
intense delusions such as believing that there are insects
crawling under their skin.
- Prolonged use may
result in violent, aggressive behavior, psychosis, and brain
damage.
- The chemicals used
to make methamphetamine can also be dangerous to both people and
the environment.
Addictiveness:
Methamphetamine is highly addictive.
Rohypnol
Rohypnol
(pronounced: ro-hip-nol) is a low-cost,
increasingly popular drug. Because it often comes in presealed
bubble packs, many teens think that the drug is safe.
Street Names: roofies,
roach, forget-me pill, date rape drug
How It's Used: This drug
is swallowed, sometimes with alcohol or other drugs.
Effects & Dangers:
- Rohypnol is a prescription anti
anxiety medication that is 10 times more powerful than Valium.
- It can cause the blood pressure to
drop, as well as cause memory loss, drowsiness, dizziness, and
an upset stomach.
- Though it's part of the depressant
family of drugs, it causes some people to be overly excited or
aggressive.
- Rohypnol has received a lot of
attention because of its association with date rape. Many teen
girls and women report having been raped after having rohypnol
slipped into their drinks. The drug also causes "anterograde
amnesia." This means it's hard to remember what happened while
on the drug, like a blackout. Because of this it can be hard to
give important details if a young woman wants to report the
rape.
Addictiveness: Users can
become physically addicted to rohypnol, so it can cause extreme
withdrawal symptoms when users stop.